The “iRAPA International Journal of Business Studies” (IIJBS), having ISSN 2708-812X (Online), is open access, independently and objectively double-blind peer-reviewed scientific research journal freely accessible online published bi-annually by Malay College, Balusbos, Malay, Aklan – Philippine having collaboration with the International Research and Publishing Academy (iRAPA). IIJBS aims to address issues facing South Asian and Southeast Asian business and management, recognize its unique position in the global economy and contribute towards the development of inclusive, sustainable business in the regions.